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More specifically, I compared perspectives among individuals who did not receive treatment and those who have participated in various treatment strategies \(e.g., stuttering modification, fluency shaping, altered auditory feedback, etc.\) during different points of their lives to understand how these experiences may have contributed to their management of the social and functional impacts of stuttering and their opinions of applying neurodiversity framework to stuttering.) /E (The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of adults who stutter on their experience of stuttering management, and how that may be influenced by their treatment experiences. More specifically, I compared perspectives among individuals who did not receive treatment and those who have participated in various treatment strategies \(e.g., stuttering modification, fluency shaping, altered auditory feedback, etc.\) during different points of their lives to understand how these experiences may have contributed to their management of the social and functional impacts of stuttering and their opinions of applying neurodiversity framework to stuttering.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [4] >> endobj 35 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 29 0 R /T (Definitions) /E (Definitions) /Pg 9 0 R /K [5] >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 99 0 R /T (Stuttering: A fluency disorder characterized by repetitions, prolongations, and blocks of airflow/speech. This differs from typical disfluency of speech due to both the frequency and nature of the disruptions \(Roth & Worthington, 2019, p. 297\). ) /E (Stuttering: A fluency disorder characterized by repetitions, prolongations, and blocks of airflow/speech. This differs from typical disfluency of speech due to both the frequency and nature of the disruptions \(Roth & Worthington, 2019, p. 297\). ) /Pg 9 0 R /K [6] >> endobj 37 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 100 0 R /T <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> /E <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> /Pg 9 0 R /K [7] >> endobj 38 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 29 0 R /T (Participants) /E (Participants) /Pg 9 0 R /K [8] >> endobj 39 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 101 0 R /T (An electronic quantitative survey was distributed via social media platforms and sent directly to local chapter support groups to collect data from adults who stutter.) /E (An electronic quantitative survey was distributed via social media platforms and sent directly to local chapter support groups to collect data from adults who stutter.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [9] >> endobj 40 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 102 0 R /T (Questions addressed topics regarding treatment experiences, severity and quality of life, and neurodiversity. ) /E (Questions addressed topics regarding treatment experiences, severity and quality of life, and neurodiversity. ) /Pg 9 0 R /K [10] >> endobj 41 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 103 0 R /T (A total of 35 participants responded to the survey.) /E (A total of 35 participants responded to the survey.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [11] >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 104 0 R /T (25 participants \(74%\) participated in treatment for stuttering, 9 participants \(26%\) had never participated in treatment.) /E (25 participants \(74%\) participated in treatment for stuttering, 9 participants \(26%\) had never participated in treatment.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [12] >> endobj 43 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 29 0 R /T (Major Conclusions) /E (Major Conclusions) /Pg 9 0 R /K [13] >> endobj 44 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 105 0 R /T (Adults who stutter respond positively to defining stuttering as a form of neurodiversity, but are less favorable to labelling themselves as neurodiverse.) /E (Adults who stutter respond positively to defining stuttering as a form of neurodiversity, but are less favorable to labelling themselves as neurodiverse.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [14] >> endobj 45 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 106 0 R /T (A theme of the responses was adverse treatment experiences, particularly expressing difficulty with the termination of treatment services.) /E (A theme of the responses was adverse treatment experiences, particularly expressing difficulty with the termination of treatment services.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [15] >> endobj 46 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 107 0 R /T (Perceptions of treatment experiences significantly differed as a function of the level of agency the individual had in their treatment \(i.e., being put in treatment as a child or pursuing treatment as an adult\).) /E (Perceptions of treatment experiences significantly differed as a function of the level of agency the individual had in their treatment \(i.e., being put in treatment as a child or pursuing treatment as an adult\).) /Pg 9 0 R /K [16] >> endobj 47 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 29 0 R /T (By: Natalie Barranco) /E (By: Natalie Barranco) /Pg 9 0 R /K [17] >> endobj 48 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 29 0 R /T (Implications) /E (Implications) /Pg 9 0 R /K [18] >> endobj 49 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 108 0 R /T (The recent movement towards classifying stuttering as neurodiversity is supported by individuals with lived experience with stuttering.) /E (The recent movement towards classifying stuttering as neurodiversity is supported by individuals with lived experience with stuttering.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [19] >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 109 0 R /T (Speech language pathologists could do more to support clients who stutter in feeling prepared for the termination of speech services. Resources such referrals to support groups may address this need.) /E (Speech language pathologists could do more to support clients who stutter in feeling prepared for the termination of speech services. Resources such referrals to support groups may address this need.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [20] >> endobj 51 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 29 0 R /T (Roth, F. P., & Worthington, C. K. \(2019\). Treatment resource manual for speech-language pathology \(6th ed.\). Plural.) /E (Roth, F. P., & Worthington, C. K. \(2019\). Treatment resource manual for speech-language pathology \(6th ed.\). Plural.) /Pg 9 0 R /K [21] >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 29 0 R /T (Ortega, F. \(2013\). Cerebralizing autism within the Neurodiversity Movement. In J. Davidson & M. Orsini \(Eds.\). 10.5749/minnesota/9780816688883.001.0001) /E (Ortega, F. \(2013\). Cerebralizing autism within the Neurodiversity Movement. In J. Davidson & M. Orsini \(Eds.\). 10.5749/minnesota/9780816688883.001.0001) /Pg 9 0 R /K [22] >> endobj 53 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 29 0 R /T (References) /E (References) /Pg 9 0 R /K [23] >> endobj 54 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H2 /P 29 0 R /T (Advisor: Joan E. Furey, Ph.D., CCC-SLP) /E (Advisor: Joan E. Furey, Ph.D., CCC-SLP) /Pg 9 0 R /K [24] >> endobj 55 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /Figure /P 29 0 R /Pg 9 0 R /A [110 0 R 0] /K [25] >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Type /StructElem /S /H4 /P 29 0 R /T (Note. Items were coded using a 5-point scale where -2 represented strongly disagree, -1 represented somewhat agree, 0 represented neither agree nor disagree, 1 represented somewhat agree, and 2 represented strongly agree.) /E (Note. 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Resources such referrals to support groups may address this need.) /Dest [9 0 R /Fit] /Parent 115 0 R /Prev 135 0 R >> endobj 137 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /AAAAAA+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /Flags 4 /Ascent 891.11328 /Descent -216.30859 /StemV 83.984375 /CapHeight 662.10938 /ItalicAngle 0 /FontBBox [-558.10547 -327.63672 2000 1055.66406] /FontFile2 146 0 R >> endobj 138 0 obj << /Registry (Adobe) /Ordering (Identity) /Supplement 0 >> endobj 139 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /BAAAAA+TimesNewRomanPSMT /Flags 4 /Ascent 891.11328 /Descent -216.30859 /StemV 0 /CapHeight 662.10938 /ItalicAngle 0 /FontBBox [-568.35938 -306.64063 2045.8984 1039.55078] /FontFile2 147 0 R >> endobj 140 0 obj << /Registry (Adobe) /Ordering (Identity) /Supplement 0 >> endobj 141 0 obj << /Title (The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of adults who stutter on their experience of stuttering management, and how that may be influenced by their treatment experiences. More specifically, I compared perspectives among individuals who did not receive treatment and those who have participated in various treatment strategies \(e.g., stuttering modification, fluency shaping, altered auditory feedback, etc.\) during different points of their lives to understand how these experiences may have contributed to their management of the social and functional impacts of stuttering and their opinions of applying neurodiversity framework to stuttering.) /Dest [9 0 R /Fit] /Parent 133 0 R >> endobj 142 0 obj << /Title (Definitions) /Dest [9 0 R /Fit] /Parent 13 0 R /Prev 133 0 R /First 148 0 R /Last 149 0 R /Count -2 /Next 143 0 R >> endobj 143 0 obj << /Title (Participants) /Dest [9 0 R /Fit] /Parent 13 0 R /Prev 142 0 R /First 150 0 R /Last 151 0 R /Count -7 /Next 134 0 R >> endobj 144 0 obj << /Title (Adults who stutter respond positively to defining stuttering as a form of neurodiversity, but are less favorable to labelling themselves as neurodiverse.) /Dest [9 0 R /Fit] /Parent 134 0 R /Next 152 0 R >> endobj 145 0 obj << /Title (Perceptions of treatment experiences significantly differed as a function of the level of agency the individual had in their treatment \(i.e., being put in treatment as a child or pursuing treatment as an adult\).) /Dest [9 0 R /Fit] /Parent 134 0 R /Prev 152 0 R >> endobj 146 0 obj << /Length 23142 /Length1 35672 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xy|T?>ٷ;̒L&Lfdc&+d![ ,J$,MHb-X ؊֭j0QDknV -q W;sy3-Š_^"@]{Ago7ҡru]4XK69/8t%;}R3*(_dqg @YrKѽp}YbW?xKu@Zy≦J?pWs,@{n:# -)Ђ"lN_C5nqF K2";܄9NAPrκ)9ꏻW~3R6C0lK_a CA)qPAڪ$J6TiT*JF]$oTˇ'KXe{@5Yv@LD:xqi>HA!c11 -92tc-a;~ABƢ0-, %)Y(/'~.~sVDu٤NRBB= Z?Xγ'Z~oҩzN떌Inwۥ[[}SUXU.OCP`raS=Auª1C<ܪ|΃|p(! a4!JGt^,Sɧi6 VMb:wӇP|/&*CJ?V?,&);`}HiG-.UFlT:fN?Zn0+FpyhUp`WM.,ŅX^Lb\X щh,Ќ8XUX (BJFFHHtrЍf,B*bg^ϯ!!A$,OЀUXnvbH? +Bѹ` (5Tjd6YXHW'b1`H[+53uME'a.HXU@韄Xn3uIgzP($P(PщHX# K{NEX//fJ_VR| BTqvSzVTRjPi]NIXs'0[RJžŸ k/R4ҢӲ߫>kЉX^ϝ_=nlUeEYi42  r>$f{ܙ.Þf h(AABvBF;xsTFG\ΖKtdSwXJ2vFR5 &/%~)~SM*xoVpS-,&גF)N:K66u4}a;q{'qΦ;)‚x)od-sEMn Nᯏ[ŠjꆸFFZz#l\_95u:w^zYX5nus\K%FnܸAo:eUXPX 'c?XX0e45Nmkk $֫TXN2)l\)371s7-Bfqvu:vcu1)lNaN2Ne1F#Lgؔg,KXⱎPcf?N ,ƅn/HaMK㺆XU/mqΑu@ ePx<Blhjփ.+,Xw)IjhiζŮ9d )Zwp[v0i\;9S-,xTYm?HkZ26N8ş2?eVicLjm>J+FxZC+#us 7nkwF82%5"M SMQVJI~(6賚gMt7MOظq_ccgR[\.G7~:;)w3v٭ JhCG}rSr)e)d*1OJB/L(yy 4'* *@0ɧ8<&tވ <JXh:z<(BTMU[0 :Z25 O/RM  S'TD<1-c2>"&|N&*t :܌3\R< '$1b*( ȏ6۱!b*|>b_ c.Pm?Sv@+1|9 W܍p\Ox܁2 FQzKVn剼+="(9LNRP#Q r:ΣW/IN:v5{~*V=:> h_:m06M.5HCJQ9X(+q).ŏq'v`؃?%^g0aBhG^B*H9t䒑ejrA_Uy$)(h!ɴOi;OҫQ(}K?sgD.k.6rqQ M>jjjjFݪ_Q:շQ'՟jrMfͯ5{4idm.H3qQ[|1LdĻ]ýHo%ma>MrO_\{^ {<%1'YW9!ZR uDbmBD7^G*PUvjw>#FZ֨Zh5P~:=`9#eU_ `գ)~h0j ~a~N*:_OKie골Tb2&#h34r\z:^RCejzt:Ӆ_3Ҥb14 ̰Meޠ L`0@ rB"T*X & <#fdM-4i& dwL+S-֍t$͖nz3l"bn Ũ3Y:hM+&Cam Q(ψvi|dg:^x}2y@L|N`O .2ᒿB=FDx )Ћl; I9"-"~!G \'Q|EQ_c A5(F)Jc(BP2Ƣ\)?0?PZGQ- / &G1Q d4G1MQLU`3&G0 G0ЂId++Rl4_\Ly.b[" 3A,yc%a%q%~#_mX+=p|c|wF (p+n`~*ĝ$/Kl.,vL+-_qn__q{wlà 5!l.QoKw`[~;q6(c_~6[HA-Ưay?#~<;>1N/xF"!ϡ_ ~Moyğ&xB~/a^V+xR~{:wxO˯5 ȯu^~ o(M<#95 GUWO$gy}8}8CxIއ{cUy/>k+˯S! >Ǜ_ƗxK~x[~_)ޑ_Q+=%_?p@~ pP~_+8ޗ_7@~C|qX~'Nc Ƨ!3;#]0?댘Vx vΧiȧ=Fs4g$$R'66PXxjy6p $%X%VdY*=0Qy;]ݯ7FX1ښx+S䬘J-Q̴XqN*)U>]3"<6*VH1ފnފңjXNQży+d ^zފMm8dmڨ Jb^qZx-jy-ZkVoRZ4Q̬S %Ύ!($@7D8c7MK,cInFlQ N)MSl1-!Sى ХUCZҨZ\?n()W@ W>.8#/"-uң:sĹx.SCJ+S2W\9r,pcPˍS@vpcN7q% J+E W +F+FW>O1rи/+<JBqs8*P8 CZxa=Kc=YOsz6V(Ė1P@^ Rѡ]LעIy M1zlϛol՛5toXqXqXa/p8Bno#5G8r[xH!kvT'z")&d:s&bnC+1 -N0Hٰ7 TqzZբPwԛjQSѺ8}}]lV0A wO7+t} ;iQ0% کl9}l(rwPh}mloҷcYXrr49C99tn,}Ki[ӷV ?W0~lVA[bt?ZJat_asm O. 6p(PKaBLn[s "}I5XK%٩$KI32#,t+[qnFt+j%-F&%1>[lܥ`t jl"c9CRnϔ`LN&eLLnL3|>*D= )0+L'%E'tdjLc%SDT ,{$<'(@Rr>>74+\'&;'L2)34#d%IR$\u+,&Ie"SHR|T$AH1?zXL1ѕى&1IܬdjC(k"ĤDHG R4$[wCͫ5Ir^B>ԒM^RKv_6/hN$!~K҇wWjA|/tX|'J$* y{lqgWZ R46' x{0|q# ^%^|7~$.c9ť⒐$^Е/.@ "v)-QeqV҇)]J&(]3 $% 1bq\W "a6B!iY6?ʞL]W eW1ei=X]=V״4)3ɔ֝ZԷ5KԠ5vmF:㼮+O nq^a1efS\W }WƦk\tEޔ])ƚp]fMS#kѦ^߫p8%pC&FwRgkp[/T0z{ ZžCYԎ5 (}ĊC*G"B,Wsh|8@C\H XUmw½0Qz5$^ ^6CX7 I1Q)ER?51k. 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